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Home >> Health >> Can You Give Me the Steps on Performing CPR
Can You Give Me the Steps on Performing CPR
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)and Choking Emergencies
It is highly recommended that parents and teenagers take a Red Cross class in first aid andcardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and then take a refresher class every 2 years. For thosewho have completed this training, the following material is a review of the basic steps for as- sisting a choking victim and for performing CPR.
CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR):NINE- YEAR- OLD TO ADULT
1. Check to see if the victim is conscious.
• Tap his chest or shoulder, or give his body agentle shake.
• Do not shake his head and neck.
• Call out to him, "Are you OK?"
2. If there is no response, shout for help.
• As soon as someone is available, have him orher call 911.
3. Roll the person onto his back if he is not in thatposition already.
• Support his head and neck, keeping them in astraight line with his back.
• Lay the victim on a firm surface.
4. Check to see if he is breathing.
• Kneel next to his head.
• Tilt his head back and lift his chin to open theairway.
• Put your head near the person's mouth and nose.
• For 5 seconds, look, listen, and feel for breathing.
(a)Is the chest rising?
(b)Can you hear breathing sounds?
(c) Can you feel air moving against yourface?
5. If you can't see, hear, or feel the victim breath- ing, you must immediately begin breathing forhim (rescue breathing).
• Pinch his nose shut using 2 fingers.
• With your lips make a tight seal around thevictim's mouth.
• Give 2 full breaths.
(a)Breathe into the victim for about 1 to I ,2seconds, watching for the chest to rise.
(b)Pause to let the air flow out, and then giveanother breath.
6. Check the victim's pulse.
• Feel for a pulse at the side of his neck for 5 to10 seconds.
• If you feel a pulse but he is not breathing:
(a)Give 1 breath every 5 seconds.
(b)Recheck the pulse every 10 to 12 breaths.(c) Continue breathing for the victim until
- the victim begins to breathe without help, or
- another rescuer takes over, or
- you do not feel a pulse.
7. If there is no pulse, begin CPR.
Have someone call 911 for help, if this has not beendone already.
8.Kneel beside the victim, halfway between his headand chest, so you can move quickly betweengiving breaths and compressing the chest.
9.Position your hands on the victim's chest.
• Place the middle finger of 1 hand at the lowerend of the breastbone (where the lower borderof the rib cage meets the breastbone).
• Place the heel of your other hand on the breast- bone, 2 finger widths above the end of the breast- bone (where you placed your middle finger).
• Remove your finger from the lower end of thebreastbone and place the heel of that hand overthe hand that is on the breastbone
Don't allow your fingers to rest onthe victim's chest.
(a)Point your fingers upward (awayfrom the body), or
(b)mesh the fingers of your 2 hands.
10. Compress the chest by pressing straight downward.
• Use your body weight, not your arm muscles.
• Keep your arms straight, with elbows locked.
• Lean with your shoulders over your
hands.
• You should move straight up and
down, not rock back and forth.
• The breastbone should depress 11,2 to 2 inches.
• Give 15 compressions in 10 seconds. (Count 1and 2 and 3....)
11. After you have given 15 compressions, give 2 fullbreaths.
• Gently tilt the victim's head back.
• Pinch the nose shut with your fingers.
• With your lips make a tight seal around thevictim's mouth.
• Give 2 full breaths for 1 to 1,2 seconds each.
• Check the pulse.
If there is no pulse:
12. Repeat the cycle of 15 compressions and 2 breathsfor 4 cycles.
• After 4 cycles (about 1 minute), check for a pulse.
• If there is no pulse, continue CPR.
• If a pulse is present, check for breathing.(a) Carry out rescue breathing if the victim isnot breathing.
• Continue CPR or rescue breathing until
(a)the victim is breathing and has a pulse, or
(b)another rescuer takes over.
CARDIOPULMONARY RESUiCITATION (CPR):YOUNG CHILD- AGES 1 TO 8
1. Check to see if the child is conscious.
• Tap her chest or shoulder, or give her body agentle shake.
• Do not shake her head and neck.
• Call out to her, "Are you OK?"
2. If there is no response, shout for help.
• As soon as someone is available, have hint orher call 911.
3. Roll the child onto her back if she is not in thatposition already.
• Support her head and neck, keeping them in astraight line with her back.
• Lay the child on a firm surface.
4. Check to see if she is breathing.
• Kneel next to her head.
• Tilt her head back and lift her chin to open theairway.
• Put your head near the child's mouth and nose.
• For 5 seconds, look, listen, and feel forbreathing.
(a)Is the chest rising?
(b)Can you hear breathing sounds?
(c) Can you feel air moving against your face?
5. If you can't see, hear, or feel the child breathing,you must immediately begin breathing for her(rescue breathing).
• Pinch her nose shut using 2 fingers.
• With your lips make a tight seal around thechild's mouth.
• Give 2 full breaths.
(a)Breathe into the victim for about 1 to 1,2seconds, watching for the chest to rise.
(b)Pause to let the air flow out, and then giveanother breath
Check her pulse.
• Feel for a pulse at the side of her neck for 5 to10 seconds.
• If you feel a pulse but she is not breathing:
(a)Give 1 breath every 5 seconds.
(b)Recheck the pulse every 10 to 12 breaths.
(c) Continue breathing for the child until- she begins to breathe without help, or
- another rescuer takes over, or
- you do not feel a pulse.
7. If there is no pulse, begin CPR.
Have someone call 911 for help, if this has not beendone already.
8. Position your hands on the child's chest.
• Place the middle finger of 1 hand at the lowerend of the breastbone (where the lower borderof the rib cage meets the breastbone).
• Place the heel of your other hand on the breast- bone, 2 finger widths above the end of the breast- bone (where you placed your middle finger).
• Remove your finger from the lower end of thebreastbone and place the heel of that hand overthe hand that is on the breastbone.
• Don't allow your fingers to rest on the child'schest.
(a)Point your fingers upward (away from thebody), or
(b)mesh the fingers of your 2 hands.
9. Compress the chest by pressing straight down- ward.
• Use your body weight, not your armmuscles.
• Keep your arms straight, with elbows locked.
• Lean with your shoulders over your hands.
• You should move straight up and down, notrock back and forth.
• The breastbone should depress 1 to 1,/s inches.
Give 5 compressions over about 4seconds. (Count 1 and 2 and 3....)
l0. After you have given 5 compressions,give 1 full breath.
• Gently tilt the child's head back.
• Pinch her nose shut with your fingers.
• With your lips make a tight sealaround the child's mouth.
• Give 1 full breath for 1 to 11/2 seconds.
• Check the pulse.
If there is no pulse:
11. Repeat the cycle of 5 compressions and1 breath for 10 cycles.
• After 10 cycles (about 1 minute),
check for a pulse.
• If there is no pulse, continue CPR.
• If a pulse is present, check for breathing.(a) Carry out rescue breathing if the child isnot breathing.
• Continue CPR or rescue breathing until
(a)the child is breathing and has a pulse, or
(b)another rescuer takes over.
CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR):NEWBORN TO 1 YEAR
1. Check to see if the baby is conscious.
• Tap his shoulder, or give his body a gentle shake.
• Do not shake his head and neck.
2. If there is no response, shout for help.
• As soon as someone is available, have him orher call 911.
3. Roll the baby onto his back if he is not in thatposition already.
• Support his head and neck, keeping them in astraight line with his back.
• Lay the baby on a firm surface.
4. Check to see if he is breathing.
• Gently tilt his head back and lift his chin toopen the airway.
• Put your head near the infant's mouth and nose.
• For 3 to 5 seconds, look, listen, and feel forbreathing.
(a)Is the chest rising?
(b)Can you hear breathing sounds?
(c) Can you feel air moving against your face?
5. If you can't see, hear, or feel the infant breathing,you must immediately begin breathing for him(rescue breathing).
• With your lips make a tight seal around thebaby's nose and mouth.
• Give 2 slow breaths.
(a)Breathe into the infant for about 1 toseconds, watching for the chest to rise.
(b)Pause to let the air flow out, and then giveanother breath.
6. Check his pulse.
• With 1 hand, keep the baby's head tilted back.
• With your other hand, check for a pulse.
(a) Feel for 5 seconds on the inside of the baby'supper arm, between the elbow and shoulder.Also listen for a heartbeat by placing yourear next to the baby's chest.
• If you feel a pulse but he is not breathing:
(a)Give I breath every 3 seconds.
(b)Recheck the pulse every 20 breaths (aboutonce per minute).
(c) Continue breathing for the infant until- he begins to breathe without help, or- another rescuer takes over, or
- you do not feel a pulse.
7. If there is no pulse or heartbeat, begin CPR.
Have someone call 911 for help, if this has not beendone already.
8. Position your fingers on the baby's chest.
• With 1 hand, keep the baby's head tilted back.
• Place the index finger of your other hand on thecenter of the breastbone, just below the level ofthe nipples.
• Place your next 2 fingers (the middle and ringfingers) right next to your index finger (slightlyfarther down the baby's breastbone). Then liftyour index finger.
9. Compress the baby's chest using your 2 fingers.
• Push the breastbone straight down 1,2 to 1 inch.
• Give 5 compressions over about 3 seconds.
10. After you have given 5 compressions, give 1 fullbreath.
• With your lips make a tight seal around thebaby's nose and mouth.
• Give 1 full breath for 1 to 1,2 seconds.
• Check the pulse.
If there is no pulse:
11. Repeat the cycle of 5 compressions and 1 breathfor 10 cycles.
• After 10 cycles (about 1 minute), check for apulse.
• If there is no pulse, continue CPR.
• If a pulse is present, check for breathing.(a) Carry out rescue breathing if the baby is notbreathing.
• Continue CPR or rescue breathing until
(a)the baby is breathing and has a pulse, or
(b)another rescuer takes over.
CHOKING EMERGENCIES:ONE- YEAR- OLD TO ADULT
1. Determine if the person is choking.
• If there is forceful coughing or the person canspeak, do not interfere.
• Ask the person if he is choking.
• If he is unable to speak or cough, have someonecall 911 and take immediate action (step 2 andfollowing).
2. Get behind the victim and position your hands.
• Wrap your arms around the victim's waist.
• Make a fist with 1 hand.
• Place the thumb side of your fist against themiddle of the victim's abdomen- just above thenavel but below the rib cage.
• Grab your fist with your other hand.
3. Give abdominal thrusts.
• Quickly pull your fist inward and upward intothe abdomen.
• If the victim is pregnant or too big to reacharound the abdomen, give chest thrustsinstead.
(a)Place your fist against the center of thebreastbone.
(b)Grab your fist with your other hand, andgive thrusts into the chest.
• Continue thrusts until
(a)the object is forced out of the victim's airway, or
(b)the victim becomes unconscious.
If the victim is unconscious:
4. Have someone call 911 for help, if this has notbeen done already.
5. Roll the person onto his back if he is not in thatposition already.
• Support his head and neck, keeping them in astraight line with his back.
• Lay the victim on a firm surface.
• Clear any material out of the mouth.
(a) Be careful not to push any object or foodfarther down.
6. Check to see if he is breathing.
• Kneel next to his head.
• Tilt his head back and lift his chin to open theairway.
• Put your head near the person's mouth andnose.
• For 5 seconds, look, listen, and feel for breathing.
(a)Is the chest rising?
(b)Can you hear breathing sounds?
(c) Can you feel air moving against your face?
7. If you can't see, hear, or feel the victim breath- ing, you must immediately begin breathing forhim (rescue breathing).
• Tilt the victim's head back.
• Pinch his nose shut using 2 fingers.
• With your lips make a tight seal around thevictim's mouth.
• Give 2 full breaths.
(a)Breathe into the victim for about 1 to lihseconds, watching for the chest to rise.
(b)Pause to let the air flow out, and then giveanother breath.
If the breaths will not go in:
8. Tilt the head farther back, and try again.
• Pinch his nose shut using 2 fingers.
• With your lips make a tight seal around thevictim's mouth.
• Give 2 full breaths.
If the breaths still will not go in, the airway isirobably blocked.
9. Give abdominal thrusts.
• Straddle 1 of the victim's upper legs.
• Place the heel of your hand on the victim'sabdomen, just above the navel and below the ribcage.
• Place your other hand on top of the first, andpoint your fingers toward the victim's head.
• Give 5 quick thrusts toward the head and intothe abdomen.
10. Sweep the victim's mouth with your finger.
• Use your fingers and thumb to grasp and lift thevictim's lower jaw and tongue.
• Slide 1 finger into the mouth, down the victim'scheek to the base of his tongue.
• Try to hook or sweep the object out.
(a) Be careful not to push any object or foodfarther down.
If the person is still not breathing, repeat steps 5through 8.
• Tilt the head back.
• Give 2 slow breaths.
• Retilt the head.
• Give 2 slow breaths.
• Give 5 abdominal thrusts.
• Do finger sweep.
11. Continue this sequence until the object isremoved and you can inflate the victim's lungs.
12. Once you are getting air into the victim, check forbreathing and pulse.
• If he is not breathing, begin rescue breathing.
• If he does not have a pulse, begin CPR.
CHOKING EMERGENCIES:NEWBORN TO 1 YEAR
1. Determine if the baby is choking.
• If there is forceful coughing or the baby can cry,do not interfere.
• If she is unable to cry, cough, or breathe or if sheis coughing very weakly, have someone call 911and take immediate action (step 2 and following).
2. Position the baby face down on your forearm.
• Support the baby's head and jaw as you turn herface down.
• Position her so that her head is lower than herchest.
3. Give 4 back blows.
• Use the heel of your free hand.
• Strike forcefully between her shoulder blades.
Turn the baby onto her back.
• Support the baby's head and jaw as you roll herover.
• Rest her back on your thigh.
5. Give 4 thrusts to the chest.
• Place 2 or 3 fingers in the center of her breast- bone (just below the level of the nipples).
• Thrust downward quickly about V to 1 inch.
6. Repeat steps 2 through 5.
• Turn the baby face down.
• Give 4 back blows.
• Turn the baby on her back.
• Give 4 chest thrusts.
7. Repeat this sequence until the baby begins to coughor breathe, or until she coughs up the object.
If the baby is unconscious:
8. Have someone call 911 for help, if this has notbeen done already.
9. Roll the baby onto her back.
• Support her head and neck, keeping them in astraight line with her back.
• Lay the baby on a firm surface.
10. Clear any material from the baby's mouth.
• Use the fingers and thumb of 1 hand to graspand lift the baby's lower jaw and tongue.
• Use the little finger of your other hand to sweepthe object or food out.
(a) Be careful not to push any object or foodfarther down.
11. Check to see if she is breathing.
• Gently tilt her head back and lift her chin toopen the airway.
• Put your head near the infant's mouth and nose.
• For 3 to 5 seconds, look, listen, and feel forbreathing.
(a)Is the chest rising?
(b)Can you hear breathing sounds?
(c) Can you feel air moving against your face?
12. If you can't see, hear, or feel the infant breathing,you must immediately begin breathing for her(rescue breathing).
• With your lips make a tight seal around thebaby's nose and mouth.
• Give 2 slow breaths.
(a)Breathe into the infant for about 1 to 1,,seconds, watching for the chest to rise.
(b)Pause to let the air flow out, and then giveanother breath.
If the breaths will not go in:
13.Tilt the head farther back, lift the chin, and try again.
If the breaths still will not go in, the airway is probably blocked.
14.Repeat the sequence of back blows and chestthrusts until the baby is breathing on her own oryou are able to inflate her lungs.
Turn the baby face down.
• Give 4 back blows.
• Turn the baby on her back.
• Give 4 chest thrusts.
• Check the mouth for any object or food.
• Tilt the head back.
• Give 2 slow breaths.
• Retilt the head.
• Give 2 more small breaths.
Once you are getting air into the victim, check forbreathing and pulse.
• If she is not breathing, begin rescue breathing.
• If she does not have a pulse, begin CPR.
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