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Allergy Information

Allergic disorders are wrencommon in children and very diverse in their manifesta-tines. These may involve the eyes (allergic conjunctiCi-tis), the nose (allergic rhinitis), the skin (atop.dermatitis), the airways (asthma), the gastrointes.tract (food allergies), or even the entire body (anapina-taxis).

An allergic reaction is the expression of anaction between an agent called an allergen, which from the outside world, with antibodies, which are -used by an individual's immune system. The most con-mon allergens are grass, treed, and tree pollens; macspores; dust mites; animal products such as dan.•(skin scales) or saliva; insect venoms or other substanderived from animals that can gain entry intotbehuobody; and a variety of substances such as foods, drugs. terother chemicals with which a person comes in cont.,.

When allergens come in contact with antibodies.variety of compounds may be released. These incan produce several types of reactions, includingnose, sneezing, wheezing, hives, eczema, upset stoand, in severe cases, shocklike reactions. Someevents, such as the response to receiving the wrongof blood in a transfusion, arc common to all.

Most of the reactions that will be reviewed here,ever, are the so-called atopic disorders - those thatfeel smaller numbers of individuals who are nosensitive to specific substances.

The tendency to develop allergies is frequently inns-ited. If both parents have allergies, their child has ato 75 percent chance of developing an allergic disorant.If only one parent has an allergic syndrome, the perces-age drops to between 25 and 50 percent. If neitherens has allergies, a child has less than a 10 percent cof developing an allergic disorder. Children withflies do not necessarily manifest the same reactionstheir allergic parents. For example, a father withfever and a mother with allergic eczema mightchild whose primary problem is asthma. Allergic -lions to specific substances - for example, hives insponse to penicillin - are not routinely passed fromgeneration to another. And when both parent andhave allergies, the responses in the child may bemilder or more severe than those of the parents.The pattern of allergic reactions may change dchildhood. For example,

•A baby might develop eczema before her firstbirthday, resolve it by the age of three, and themdevelop hay fever and asthma during her schoolyears.

•Food allergies are usually outgrown, with theexception of reactions to peanuts and shellfish.

•Ragweed allergy may not develop until a child haslived through at least one ragweed season.

•A child might not be allergic to a pet at first, butlater she might manifest a reaction because herimmune system has become increasingly sensi-tized through repeated exposure to the animal.

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